Isifo sokuphakama, esaziwa ngokuba yi-acute mountain sickness (AMS), senzeka xa umzimba womntu uzama ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ezineoksijini ephantsi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, sibonakala emva nje kokunyuka siye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-3,000 (malunga neenyawo ezingama-9,800). Iimpendulo zomzimba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zinokuhlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Isifo Esiqatha Seentaba (Esingenamandla): Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo, kwaye iimpawu zinokuvela kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ezi ziquka intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokudinwa ngokubanzi.
2. Isifo Esinzima Seentaba: Sidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “ngumbulali ongathethiyo,” oku kunokwanda kwiintsuku ezi-1-3, okunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzima ezifana nokudumba kobuchopho (okuhambisana neentloko ezibuhlungu, ukuhlanza okubukhali, kunye nokudideka) okanye ukudumba kwamaphaphu (okuphawulwa kukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, isikhwehlela esipinki esinamafu, kunye nokungaphefumli kakuhle). Ukungenelela okulibazisekileyo kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
3. Isifo Esingapheliyo Seentaba: Oku kuchaphazela abantu abahlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ixesha elide. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunye neengxaki zokugaya ukutya eziphinda zivele ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kutheni Kukho Isifo Sokuphakama?
Njengoko unyuka ngokukhawuleza uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphaya kweemitha ezingama-3,000, umoya omncinci kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lweoksijini kwenza imeko-bume enzima emzimbeni wakho. Ingafaniswa nomgijimi ocelwa ukuba abaleke ngaphandle kokuzifudumeza. Indlela umzimba osabela ngayo ibandakanya “imibhikisho” eyahlukeneyo ngendlela yeempawu:
- Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nesiyezi: Ezona zibonakaliso zokuqala zixhaphakileyo.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuPhefumla okuNciphisayo: Intliziyo ikhawuleza ukupompa, kwaye imiphunga isebenza nzima, izama ukufunxa ioksijini engaphezulu.
- Isicaphucaphu, Ukugabha, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukutya: Inkqubo yokwetyisa iqala ukusebenza kakubi.
- Ukungalali Nokudinwa: Ubuthongo obungalinganiyo ebusuku bubangela ukudinwa emini.
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimilebe nakwiinzipho: Isalathisi esicacileyo sokunqongophala kweoksijini emzimbeni.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isifo sokugula sibangelwa kukuphakama komoya asikokubonisa ubuthathaka bomntu; endaweni yoko, yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusabela komzimba xa kungekho oxygen, kwaye nabani na unokuhlangabezana naso.
Unganyanga njani isifo sokuphakama?
1. Ukuphefumla Uxinzelelo Oluphezulu Lweoksijini: Enye yezona ndlela zikhawulezayo zokunciphisa iimpawu zesifo sokuphakama kukufunxa umoya onoxinzelelo oluphezulu lweoksijini.
2. Amayeza: Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi i-acetazolamide, i-dexamethasone, okanye i-nifedipine, anokusetyenziswa ukunyanga isigulo sokuphakama kwaye alibazise ukuqala kweempawu okanye iingxaki ezinzulu.
3. Unyango lwe-Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBOT): Ukongeza ekuhanjisweni kwe-oxygen kwangoko kunye namayeza, amagumbi e-hyperbaric oxygenziye zabonakala zisebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni isifo sokuphakama:
Ukongezwa kweOksijini okunamandla: Kwindawo ene-HBOT, uphefumla ioksijini ecocekileyo, kwaye uxinzelelo luphezulu kunesiqhelo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ioksijini inyibilike egazini lakho, nto leyo ephucula ngokukhawuleza ukugcwala kweoksijini egazini kwaye ilwe ne-hypoxia ngokufanelekileyo kunokuphefumla ioksijini eqhelekileyo.
Unyango olukhawulezileyo lweMpawu: Kwiimpawu ezibukhali ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokudinwa, iseshoni enye ye-HBOT inokubonelela ngoncedo olukhawulezileyo, okuvumela ukuba umntu aphile ngokukhawuleza.
Unyango lweemeko ezinzima: Ioksijini eyomeleleyo ibalulekile ekunyangeni izifo ezinzulu ezikwindawo ephezulu, ezifana ne-pulmonary edema okanye i-cerebral edema, ekunika ixesha elixabisekileyo lokuhamba nokuchacha.
Ukuphucula Ukuguquguquka: Kubantu abafuna ukuhlala ixesha elifutshane okanye abasebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-HBOT lunokuphucula ukuguquguquka komzimba, luphucule ukusebenza, kwaye lonyuse amanqanaba amandla.
Ngamafutshane, xa uziva ungakhululekanga kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, igumbi leoksijini elinomoya ophantsi lingalinganisa indawo yokuphakama okwethutyana, nto leyo evumela ukuba uphumle kwaye uphinde uphile kakuhle.
Ngaba unyango lwe-oksijini ye-Hyperbaric lubonelela ngamandla angakumbi?
Unyango lwe-oksijini ye-hyperbaric lunokuphucula kakhulu amanqanaba amandla ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
Ukwanda kobonelelo lweoksijini: Ngokubonelela ngendawo enoxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu kunoluqhelekileyo, i-HBOT yenza kube lula ukuphefumla ioksijini ecocekileyo okanye exineneyo. Oku kwandisa kakhulu umxholo weoksijini egazini, okuvumela ukuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke izicwili zomzimba kunye neeseli. Ioksijini eyaneleyo ibalulekile ekuphefumleni kwe-aerobic yeselula, inceda ekusetyenzisweni ngokufanelekileyo kwezondlo ezifana neglucose ukuvelisa amandla (ATP).
Umsebenzi ophuculweyo weMitochondrial: Ioksijini idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamandla. I-HBOT inokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial kunye nomsebenzi, inyuse ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwe-ATP kwaye kamva inyuse ukunikezelwa kwamandla.
Ukususwa kweNkunkuma yeMetabolic okuKhawulezayo: Olu nyangoukukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi kunye nemetabolism, okuvumela umzimba ukuba uqhekeze kwaye ukhuphe inkunkuma ye-metabolic efana ne-lactic acid ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwemisipha kunye nezicubu, okubangela ukwanda kwamanqanaba amandla.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda isifo sokuphakama kwamanzi kunye nonyango lwaso, ingakumbi ngonyango lwe-oksijini egqithisileyo, kubalulekile kuye nabani na ohamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo, isifo sokuphakama kwamanzi sinokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumava aphezulu akhuselekileyo namnandi ngakumbi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-25-2025