Izifo ze-Neurodeergenerative(i-NDDs) ibonakaliswe ngelahleko eqhubekayo okanye eqhubekayo yabantu abathile be-neuronal abasengozini ngaphakathi kwengqondo okanye intambo yomgogodla. Ulwahlulo lwe-NDD lunokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukusabalalisa kwe-anatomical ye-neurodegeneration (njenge-extrapyramidal disorders, i-frontotemporal degeneration, okanye i-spinocerebellar ataxias), i-primary molecular abnormalities (njenge-amyloid-β, i-prions, i-tau, okanye i-α-synuclein), okanye iimpawu eziphambili ze-Parkintrophicler, izifo ze-Parkintrophic kunye nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi). Ngaphandle kolu mahluko ekuhleleni nasekuboniseni iimpawu, iziphazamiso ezifana ne-Parkinson's Disease (PD), i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), kunye ne-Alzheimer's Disease (AD) yabelana ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezisisiseko ezikhokelela kukungasebenzi kwe-neuronal kunye nokufa kweseli ekugqibeleni.
Ngezigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke ezichatshazelwa zii-NDD, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uqikelela ukuba ngo-2040, ezi zifo ziya kuba sesesibini kunobangela wokufa kwabantu kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezifumanekayo zokunciphisa nokulawula iimpawu ezinxulumene nezifo ezithile, iindlela ezisebenzayo zokucothisa okanye ukunyanga ukuqhubeka kwezi meko zihlala zinzima. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa utshintsho kwiiparadigms zonyango ukusuka kulawulo lweempawu ukuya ekusebenziseni iindlela zokukhusela iiseli ukuthintela ukuwohloka ngakumbi. Ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokudumba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-neurodegeneration, ukubeka ezi ndlela njengeethagethi ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela iiselula. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando olusisiseko kunye nonyango luye lwatyhila amandla e-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) ekunyangeni izifo ze-neurodeergenerative.
Ukuqonda i-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
I-HBOT ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukunyuka kwengcinezelo ukuya phezulu kwe-1 i-atmospheric (ATA) - uxinzelelo kwinqanaba lolwandle - ixesha elide le-90-120 imizuzu, ehlala ifuna iiseshoni ezininzi ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko ethile ephathwayo. Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphuculweyo luphucula ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini kwiiseli, ezithi zikhuthaze ukwanda kweeseli ze-stem kwaye ziphucule iinkqubo zokuphilisa ezixutyushwa zizinto ezithile zokukhula.
Ekuqaleni, ukusetyenziswa kwe-HBOT kwakusekwe kumthetho we-Boyle-Marriott, obeka ukucutha okuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwe-bubbles yegesi, kunye neenzuzo zamanqanaba aphezulu e-oksijini kwizicubu. Kukho uluhlu lwe-pathologies eyaziwayo ukuba luzuze kwi-hyperoxic state eveliswa yi-HBOT, kubandakanywa izicubu ze-necrotic, ukulimala kwemitha, ukuxhatshazwa, ukutshisa, i-compartment syndrome, kunye ne-gas gangrene, phakathi kwezinye ezidweliswe yi-Undersea kunye ne-Hyperbaric Medical Society. Ngokucacileyo, i-HBOT ikwabonise ukusebenza njengonyango oluncedisayo kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezivuthayo okanye ezosulelayo, ezifana ne-colitis kunye ne-sepsis. Ngenxa yeendlela zayo zokuchasa ukudumba kunye ne-oxidative, i-HBOT ibonelela ngamandla abonakalayo njengendlela yonyango yezifo ze-neurodeergenerative.
Izifundo ze-Preclinical ze-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy kwi-Neurodeergenerative Diseases: Iingcamango ezivela kwi-3 × Tg Mouse Model
Olunye lwezifundo eziphawulekayoigxile kwi-3 × Tg imodeli ye-mouse ye-Alzheimer's disease (AD), ebonise amandla onyango e-HBOT ekuphuculeni ukusilela kwengqondo. Uphando lubandakanya iigundane ze-3 × Tg zeenyanga ze-17 xa kuthelekiswa ne-14 yenyanga ye-C57BL / 6 iigundane ezisebenza njengolawulo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-HBOT ayiphuculanga kuphela umsebenzi wokuqonda kodwa yanciphisa kakhulu ukuvuvukala, i-plaque load, kunye ne-Tau phosphorylation-inkqubo ebalulekileyo ehambelana ne-AD pathology.
Iziphumo zokukhusela ze-HBOT zibangelwa ukuncipha kwe-neuroinflammation. Oku kubonakaliswe kukuncipha kwe-microglial proliferation, i-astrogliosis, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-cytokines e-pro-inflammatory. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa indima emibini ye-HBOT ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwengqondo ngelixa kwangaxeshanye kunciphisa iinkqubo ze-neuroinflammatory ezinxulumene nesifo se-Alzheimer.
Enye imodeli yangaphambili esetyenzisiweyo i-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) iigundane ukuvavanya iindlela zokukhusela ze-HBOT kumsebenzi we-neuronal kunye ne-motor capabilities. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-HBOT ibe negalelo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweemoto kunye namandla okubamba kwezi mpuku, ezihambelana nokunyuka kwe-mitochondrial biogenesis signaling, ngokukodwa ngokusebenzisa i-SIRT-1, i-PGC-1α, kunye ne-TFAM. Oku kugxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi we-mitochondrial kwimiphumo ye-neuroprotective ye-HBOT.
Iindlela ze-HBOT kwiZifo ze-Neurodeergenerative
Umgaqo osisiseko wokusetyenziswa kwe-HBOT yee-NDD ulele kubudlelwane phakathi kokunikezelwa kweoksijini encitshisiweyo kunye nokuba sesichengeni sokutshintsha kwe-neurodeergenerative. I-Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) idlala indima ephambili njengento ebhaliweyo eyenza ukulungelelaniswa kweselula kwi-oksijini ephantsi yoxinzelelo kwaye iye yabandakanyeka kwii-NDD ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya i-AD, i-PD, i-Huntington's Disease, kunye ne-ALS, iphawula njengento ebalulekileyo ekujoliswe kuyo kweziyobisi.
Ngenxa yobudala ibe ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokuphazamiseka kwe-neurodeergenerative, ukuphanda impembelelo ye-HBOT kwi-neurobiology yokwaluphala kubalulekile. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-HBOT inokuphucula ukusilela kwengqondo okunxulumene neminyaka kwizifundo zabantu abadala abasempilweni.Ukongeza, abaguli abalupheleyo abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kwememori babonise ukuphuculwa kwengqondo kunye nokwanda kokuhamba kwegazi kwi-cerebral emva kokuvezwa kwi-HBOT.
1. Impembelelo ye-HBOT kwi-Inflammation kunye ne-Oxidative Stress
I-HBOT ibonise amandla okunciphisa i-neuroinflammation kwizigulane ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo. Iphethe amandla okunciphisa i-cytokines e-pro-inflammatory (efana ne-IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, kunye ne-IFNγ) ngelixa iphakamisa i-cytokines echasayo (njenge-IL-10). Abanye abaphandi bacebisa ukuba iintlobo zeoksijini esebenzayo (ROS) eveliswa yi-HBOT ilamla iziphumo ezininzi eziluncedo zonyango. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphandle kwesenzo sokunciphisa i-bubble exhomekeke kuxinzelelo kunye nokufumana i-oksijini ephezulu ye-tissue saturation, iziphumo ezilungileyo ezinxulumene ne-HBOT zixhomekeke ngokuyinxenye kwiindima ze-physiological ze-ROS eziveliswayo.
2. Iziphumo ze-HBOT kwi-Apoptosis kunye ne-Neuroprotection
Uphando lubonise ukuba i-HBOT inokunciphisa i-hippocampal phosphorylation ye-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), emva koko iphucula ukuqonda kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-hippocampal. Zombini ezizimeleyo ze-HBOT kunye nokudibanisa ne-Ginkgo biloba extract zifunyenwe ukunciphisa inkcazo ye-Bax kunye nomsebenzi we-caspase-9 / 3, okubangelwa ukuhla kwemilinganiselo ye-apoptosis kwiimodeli ze-rodent ezibangelwa yi-aβ25-35. Ngapha koko, olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-HBOT preconditioning ibangela ukunyamezelana ngokuchasene ne-cerebral ischemia, kunye neendlela ezibandakanya ukwanda kwe-SIRT1 intetho, kunye ne-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) eyandisiweyo amanqanaba kunye nokunciphisa i-caspase-3 esebenzayo, egxininisa iimpawu ze-HBOT ze-neuroprotective kunye ne-anti-apoptotic.
3. Impembelelo ye-HBOT kwi-Circulation kunyeI-Neurogenesis
Ukuvezwa kwezifundo kwi-HBOT kuye kwadityaniswa neziphumo ezininzi kwi-cranial vascular system, kubandakanywa nokuphucula umqobo we-blood-brain barrier permeability, ukukhuthaza i-angiogenesis, kunye nokunciphisa i-edema. Ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngeoksijini eyandisiweyo kwizicubu, i-HBOTikhuthaza ukwakheka kwemithambongokuvula izinto ezikhutshelweyo ezifana ne-vascular endothelial growth factor kunye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kweeseli ze-neural stem.
4. Iziphumo ze-Epigenetic ze-HBOT
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kweeseli ze-microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) kwi-oksijeni ye-hyperbaric ilawula ngokuphawulekayo i-8,101 yezakhi zofuzo, ezibandakanya zombini izibonakaliso eziphakanyisiweyo kunye nezithotyiweyo, ezibonisa ukwanda kwegama le-gene elihambelana neendlela zokuphendula i-antioxidant.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HBOT yenze imitsi ebalulekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ibonakalisa ukufumaneka kwayo, ukuthembeka, kunye nokhuseleko ekusebenzeni kweklinikhi. Ngelixa i-HBOT ihlolwe njengonyango olungekho kwileyibhile ye-NDD kwaye uphando oluthile luye lwaqhutywa, kusekho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yezifundo ezingqongqo zokulinganisa izenzo ze-HBOT ekunyangeni ezi meko. Uphando olongezelelweyo lubalulekile ukumisela unyango olululo kunye nokuvavanya ubungakanani beziphumo eziluncedo kwizigulana.
Isishwankathelo, i-intersection ye-hyperbaric oxygen kunye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative zibonisa umda othembisayo kumathuba onyango, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuhlola kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwimimiselo yeklinikhi.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-16-2025