Izifo ze-neurodegenerative(ii-NDD) zibonakaliswa kukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo okanye okuqhubekayo kwamaqela athile e-neuronal asengozini ngaphakathi kwengqondo okanye kwi-spinal cord. Ukuhlelwa kwee-NDD kunokusekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukusasazwa kwe-anatomical kwe-neurodegeneration (ezifana neengxaki ze-extrapyramidal, ukuwohloka kwe-frontotemporal, okanye i-spinocerebellar ataxias), iingxaki eziphambili ze-molecular (ezifana ne-amyloid-β, i-prions, i-tau, okanye i-α-synuclein), okanye iimpawu eziphambili zeklinikhi (ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, kunye ne-dementia). Nangona la mahluko ekuhleleni nasekubonakaliseni iimpawu, izifo ezifana ne-Parkinson's Disease (PD), i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), kunye ne-Alzheimer's Disease (AD) zabelana ngeenkqubo ezifanayo ezikhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-neuronal kunye nokufa kweeseli ekugqibeleni.
Njengoko izigidi kwihlabathi liphela zichaphazeleka zii-NDD, i-World Health Organisation iqikelela ukuba ngo-2040, ezi zifo ziya kuba sisizathu sesibini esiphambili sokufa kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo zokunciphisa nokulawula iimpawu ezinxulumene nezifo ezithile, iindlela ezisebenzayo zokucothisa okanye ukunyanga ukuqhubela phambili kwezi meko azikacaci. Izifundo zakutshanje zibonisa utshintsho kwiindlela zonyango ukusuka ekulawuleni nje iimpawu ukuya ekusebenziseni iindlela zokukhusela iiseli ukuthintela ukuwohloka okungakumbi. Ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuvuvukala kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuwohlokeni kwemithambo-luvo, kubeka ezi ndlela njengeenjongo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela iiseli. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando olusisiseko nolweklinikhi lutyhile amandla e-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) ekunyangeni izifo ze-neurodegenerative.
Ukuqonda i-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
I-HBOT idla ngokubandakanya ukunyusa uxinzelelo oluya kwi-atmosphere engaphezulu kwe-1 (ATA) — uxinzelelo kwinqanaba lolwandle — kangangemizuzu engama-90-120, idla ngokufuna iiseshoni ezininzi kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile enyangwayo. Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphuculweyo luphucula ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini kwiiseli, nto leyo evuselela ukwanda kweeseli ze-stem kwaye iphucule iinkqubo zokuphilisa ezilawulwa zizinto ezithile zokukhula.
Ekuqaleni, ukusetyenziswa kwe-HBOT kwasekwa ngomthetho weBoyle-Marriott, obonisa ukunciphisa amaqamza egesi okuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo, kunye neenzuzo zamanqanaba aphezulu eoksijini kwizicubu. Kukho uluhlu lwezifo ezaziwayo ukuba zixhamla kwimeko ye-hyperoxic eveliswa yi-HBOT, kubandakanya izicubu ezifileyo, ukwenzakala ngemitha, ukwenzakala, ukutsha, isifo se-compartment, kunye ne-gas gangrene, phakathi kwezinye ezidweliswe yi-Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, i-HBOT ikwabonakalise ukusebenza njengonyango oluncedisayo kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezivuthayo okanye ezosulelayo, ezifana ne-colitis kunye ne-sepsis. Ngenxa yeendlela zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye ne-oxidative, i-HBOT inika amandla abalulekileyo njengendlela yokunyanga izifo ze-neurodegenerative.
Izifundo zangaphambi kweklinikhi zoNyango lweOksijini yeHyperbaric kwiZifo zeNeurodegenerative: Ulwazi oluvela kwiModeli yeMouse ye-3 × Tg
Esinye sezifundo eziphawulekayoigxile kwimodeli yegundane ye-3×Tg yesifo sika-Alzheimer (AD), ebonise amandla okunyanga e-HBOT ekuphuculeni iingxaki zengqondo. Olu phando lubandakanye iimpuku ezingamadoda ezineenyanga ezili-17 ubudala ezine-3×Tg xa kuthelekiswa neempuku ezingamadoda ezineenyanga ezili-14 ubudala ze-C57BL/6 ezisebenza njengolawulo. Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba i-HBOT ayiphuculanga nje kuphela ukusebenza kwengqondo kodwa ikwanciphise kakhulu ukudumba, umthwalo we-plaque, kunye ne-Tau phosphorylation—inkqubo ebalulekileyo enxulumene ne-AD pathology.
Iziphumo zokukhusela ze-HBOT zibangelwe kukwehla kokudumba kwe-neuroinflammation. Oku kubonakaliswe kukuncipha kokwanda kwe-microglial, i-astrogliosis, kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-cytokines ezibangela ukudumba. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa indima embaxa ye-HBOT ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwengqondo ngelixa ngaxeshanye kunciphisa iinkqubo zokudumba kwe-neuroinflammation ezinxulumene nesifo se-Alzheimer's.
Enye imodeli yangaphambi konyango isebenzise iimpuku ze-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ukuvavanya iindlela zokukhusela ze-HBOT kumsebenzi we-neuronal kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-HBOT inegalelo ekuphuculeni umsebenzi we-motor kunye namandla okubamba kwezi impuku, okuhambelana nokwanda kwe-mitochondrial biogenesis signaling, ngokukodwa ngokusebenzisa i-SIRT-1, PGC-1α, kunye ne-TFAM. Oku kugxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi we-mitochondrial kwiziphumo ze-neuroprotective ze-HBOT.
Iindlela ze-HBOT kwiZifo ze-Neurodegenerative
Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenzisa i-HBOT kwi-NDDs usekwe kubudlelwane phakathi kokunikezelwa kweoksijini okunciphileyo kunye nokuchaphazeleka kutshintsho lwe-neurodegenerative. I-Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) idlala indima ephambili njenge-transcription factor evumela ukuba iiseli zilungelelane noxinzelelo lweoksijini oluphantsi kwaye iye yabandakanyeka kwii-NDD ezahlukeneyo kuquka i-AD, i-PD, iSifo sikaHuntington, kunye ne-ALS, nto leyo eyiphawula njengeyona nto iphambili esetyenziselwa iyeza.
Ngenxa yokuba ubudala bungumngcipheko omkhulu weengxaki ezininzi ze-neurodegenerative, uphando ngempembelelo ye-HBOT kwi-neurobiology yokwaluphala kubalulekile. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-HBOT inokuphucula iingxaki zengqondo ezinxulumene nobudala kubantu abadala abasempilweni.Ukongeza, izigulane ezindala ezineengxaki ezinkulu zokukhumbula zibonakalise uphuculo lwengqondo kunye nokunyuka kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchotsheni emva kokuchatshazelwa yi-HBOT.
1. Impembelelo ye-HBOT ekuvuvukeni nasekuxinezelekeni kwe-Oxidative
I-HBOT ibonakalise amandla okunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo kwizigulana ezinengxaki enkulu yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo. Inamandla okunciphisa ii-cytokines ezibangela ukudumba (ezifana ne-IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, kunye ne-IFNγ) ngelixa inyusa ii-cytokines ezilwa nokudumba (ezifana ne-IL-10). Abanye abaphandi bacebisa ukuba ii-reactive oxygen species (ROS) eziveliswa yi-HBOT zichaphazela iziphumo ezininzi eziluncedo zonyango. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphandle kwesenzo sayo sokunciphisa amaqamza axhomekeke kuxinzelelo kunye nokufikelela kwi-high tissue oxygen saturation, iziphumo ezilungileyo ezinxulumene ne-HBOT zixhomekeke ngokuyinxenye kwimisebenzi yomzimba ye-ROS eveliswayo.
2. Iziphumo ze-HBOT kwi-Apoptosis kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-Neuro
Uphando lubonise ukuba i-HBOT inokunciphisa i-hippocampal phosphorylation ye-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), emva koko iphucule ukuqonda kwaye inciphise umonakalo we-hippocampal. Zombini i-HBOT ezizimeleyo kunye kunye ne-Ginkgo biloba extract zifunyenwe zinciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-Bax kunye nomsebenzi we-caspase-9/3, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni amazinga e-apoptosis kwiimodeli zeempuku ezibangelwa yi-aβ25-35. Ngaphezu koko, olunye uphando lubonise ukuba i-HBOT preconditioning ibangele ukunyamezelana ne-cerebral ischemia, kunye neendlela ezibandakanya ukwanda kokubonakaliswa kwe-SIRT1, kunye namanqanaba e-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) aphuculweyo kunye nokunciphisa i-caspase-3 esebenzayo, nto leyo egxininisa iipropati ze-HBOT zokukhusela i-neuroprotective kunye ne-anti-apoptotic.
3. Impembelelo ye-HBOT kwiSangqa loMzimba kunyeI-Neurogenesis
Ukubeka abantu kwi-HBOT kunxulunyaniswa nemiphumo emininzi kwinkqubo yemithambo yegazi yentloko, kubandakanya ukuphucula ukungena komqobo wegazi-ingqondo, ukukhuthaza i-angiogenesis, kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba. Ukongeza ekunikezeni ioksijini eyandisiweyo kwizicwili, i-HBOTikhuthaza ukwakheka kwemithambo yegaziNgokusebenzisa izinto ezibangela uguqulelo lwe-transcription ezifana ne-vascular endothelial growth factor kunye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwee-neural stem cells.
4. Iziphumo ze-Epigenetic ze-HBOT
Izifundo zityhile ukuba ukuvezwa kweeseli ze-endothelial ze-human microvascular (HMEC-1) kwi-hyperbaric oxygen kulawula kakhulu ii-genes eziyi-8,101, kuquka zombini ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kunye nokwehliswa, okugxininisa ukwanda kokubonakaliswa kwe-gene okunxulunyaniswa neendlela zokuphendula nge-antioxidant.
Isiphelo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-HBOT kuye kwenza inkqubela phambili enkulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ebonisa ukufumaneka kwayo, ukuthembeka kwayo, kunye nokhuseleko lwayo kwizonyango. Nangona i-HBOT iye yahlolwa njengonyango olungekho kwileyibhile ye-NDD kwaye kwenziwe uphando oluthile, kusekho isidingo esingxamisekileyo sophando oluqinileyo ukuze kwenziwe iindlela ze-HBOT zifane ekunyangeni ezi meko. Uphando olongezelelekileyo lubalulekile ukumisela amaxesha afanelekileyo onyango kunye nokuvavanya ubungakanani bemiphumo emihle kwizigulane.
Ngamafutshane, ukudibana kwe-hyperbaric oxygen kunye nezifo ze-neurodegenerative kubonisa umda othembisayo kumathuba okunyanga, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kophando kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwiindawo zonyango.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-16-2025